Nanocrystalline VITROPERM
State-of-the-art Ribbon with Outstanding Soft Magnetic Properties
VITROPERM® is an iron-based nanocrystalline material with an outstanding combination of soft-magnetic properties, making it the state-of-the-art material for a wide range of applications.
VITROPERM products are available as ribbon in thicknesses from 14 µm to 20 µm and widths from 2 mm to 66 mm.
Benefits:
- High saturation flux density ≥ 1.2 T
- Permeability can be adjusted in the range from 400 to 800,000
- Excellent thermal stability over a wide temperature range
- Low core losses and low coercivity
- Low or zero saturation magnetostriction
- Highest surface quality of all nanocrystalline materials
Details
Typical Applications vs. Magnetization Curve / Hysteresis Loop
R-type loop (round loop)
- Annealing without magnetic field
- VITROPERM 400 R, VITROPERM 800 R
- Applications: differential current transformer for AC type RCDs, magnetic shielding
F-type loop (flat loop)
- Annealing with transverse magnetic field
- VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270 F, VITROPERM 800 F
- Applications: current transformers, common mode chokes
Z-type loop (rectangular loop)
- Annealing with longitudinal magnetic field
- VITROPERM 800 Z
- Applications: magnetic amplifiers, spike blockers
Cores for low permeability
VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270
- Current transformers for electronic electricity meters / smart meters (smart grid)
- Common mode chokes with high DC tolerance
Cores for high permeability
VITROPERM 500, VITROPERM 800
- Common mode chokes (CMC’s) for EMI filters in renewable energy, electric drives and motors, EV-charging and automotive
- Gate drive transformer and current transformers (CT’s) in electric drives and motors, EV-charging and automotive
- Shielding material in wireless power transfer
- Frequency range DC up to 13.56 MHz (subject to annealing and subsequent processing)
- High saturation flux density Bs ≥ 1.2 T
- small cores or thin shielding material
- High Curie temperature TC ≈ 600 °C
- high thermal stability
- high service temperatures ≤120 °C
- Low core losses at high frequencies due to
- Low coercivity HC ≈ 0.5 to 5 A/m
- Low ribbon thickness d ≈ 14 to 20 µm
- High electrical resistivity ρ ≈ 1.15 µΩm
- Small magnetostriction: λs ≈ 0 to 11 ppm
- Outstanding versatility:
- R-, F- or Z-type hysteresis loop and
- wide permeability range µ ≈ 400 to 800,000
Chemical Composition
| Alloy | Fe | Ni | Co | Cu | Nb | Si | B | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VITROPERM 220 | Bal. (66.4) | 11.6 | 8.1 | 1.0 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 1.7 | wt.-% |
| Bal. (60.5) | 10.1 | 7.0 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 10.7 | 8.0 | at.-% | |
| VITROPERM 250 | Bal. (74.2) | 11.6 | - | 1.0 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 1.7 | wt.-% |
| Bal. (67.2) | 10.0 | - | 0.8 | 2.9 | 11.2 | 8.0 | at.-% | |
| VITROPERM 270 | Bal. (79.7) | 5.8 | - | 1.0 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 1.7 | wt.-% |
| Bal. (71.8) | 5.0 | - | 0.8 | 2.9 | 11.5 | 8.0 | at.-% | |
| VITROPERM 400 | Bal. (84.5) | - | - | 1.8 | 5.2 | 7.6 | 1.7 | wt.-% |
| Bal. (75.2) | - | - | 0.8 | 2.8 | 13.4 | 7.8 | at.-% | |
| VITROPERM 500/800 | Bal. (82.8) | - | - | 1.3 | 5.6 | 8.8 | 1.5 | wt.-% |
| Bal. (73.6) | - | - | 1.0 | 3.0 | 15.1 | 6.9 | at.-% |
Various Vitroperm Grades available
VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270
- Alloys with small magnetostriction (6 to 11 ppm – subject to alloy)
- Annealing with transverse magnetic field leads to flat hysteresis loop and low permeabilities (1,800 to 5,100 – subject to alloy)
VITROPERM 400
- Alloy with very small magnetostriction (3 to 5 ppm) and high saturation flux density (1.3 T)
- Annealing, typically without magnetic field, leads to round hysteresis loop and highest permeability µmax (< 800,000)
VITROPERM 500, VITROPERM 800
- Zero-magnetostrictive by proper annealing
- Extremely versatile (R-, Z- and F-loop achievable with proper annealing)
- Lowest losses due to availability of low thickness down to 14 µm and zero magnetostriction
- Widest range of adjustable permeabilities (typ. 20,000 to 200,000, with special processing 400 to 2,000)
Production Process of Nanocrystalline VITROPERM
VITROPERM is cast in a rapid solidification process to a fully amorphous and ductile ribbon.
In a subsequent annealing process with or without magnetic field it is transformed to the nanocrystalline state at temperatures typ. in the range of 480 to 580 °C.
The crystallites have a typical grain size of 10 nanometers and are embedded in the amorphous matrix.
Permeability µi vs. Saturation Flux Density Bs (F-Type Loop)
VITROPERM is equal or superior to ferrites, permalloys and amorphous materials based on cobalt.
Typical Applications vs. Magnetization Curve / Hysteresis Loop
R-type loop (round loop)
- Annealing without magnetic field
- VITROPERM 400 R, VITROPERM 800 R
- Applications: differential current transformer for AC type RCDs, magnetic shielding
F-type loop (flat loop)
- Annealing with transverse magnetic field
- VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270 F, VITROPERM 800 F
- Applications: current transformers, common mode chokes
Z-type loop (rectangular loop)
- Annealing with longitudinal magnetic field
- VITROPERM 800 Z
- Applications: magnetic amplifiers, spike blockers
Cores for low permeability
VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270
- Current transformers for electronic electricity meters / smart meters (smart grid)
- Common mode chokes with high DC tolerance
Cores for high permeability
VITROPERM 500, VITROPERM 800
- Common mode chokes (CMC’s) for EMI filters in renewable energy, electric drives and motors, EV-charging and automotive
- Gate drive transformer and current transformers (CT’s) in electric drives and motors, EV-charging and automotive
- Shielding material in wireless power transfer
- Frequency range DC up to 13.56 MHz (subject to annealing and subsequent processing)
- High saturation flux density Bs ≥ 1.2 T
- small cores or thin shielding material
- High Curie temperature TC ≈ 600 °C
- high thermal stability
- high service temperatures ≤120 °C
- Low core losses at high frequencies due to
- Low coercivity HC ≈ 0.5 to 5 A/m
- Low ribbon thickness d ≈ 14 to 20 µm
- High electrical resistivity ρ ≈ 1.15 µΩm
- Small magnetostriction: λs ≈ 0 to 11 ppm
- Outstanding versatility:
- R-, F- or Z-type hysteresis loop and
- wide permeability range µ ≈ 400 to 800,000
Chemical Composition
| Alloy | Fe | Ni | Co | Cu | Nb | Si | B | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VITROPERM 220 | Bal. (66.4) | 11.6 | 8.1 | 1.0 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 1.7 | wt.-% |
| Bal. (60.5) | 10.1 | 7.0 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 10.7 | 8.0 | at.-% | |
| VITROPERM 250 | Bal. (74.2) | 11.6 | - | 1.0 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 1.7 | wt.-% |
| Bal. (67.2) | 10.0 | - | 0.8 | 2.9 | 11.2 | 8.0 | at.-% | |
| VITROPERM 270 | Bal. (79.7) | 5.8 | - | 1.0 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 1.7 | wt.-% |
| Bal. (71.8) | 5.0 | - | 0.8 | 2.9 | 11.5 | 8.0 | at.-% | |
| VITROPERM 400 | Bal. (84.5) | - | - | 1.8 | 5.2 | 7.6 | 1.7 | wt.-% |
| Bal. (75.2) | - | - | 0.8 | 2.8 | 13.4 | 7.8 | at.-% | |
| VITROPERM 500/800 | Bal. (82.8) | - | - | 1.3 | 5.6 | 8.8 | 1.5 | wt.-% |
| Bal. (73.6) | - | - | 1.0 | 3.0 | 15.1 | 6.9 | at.-% |
Various Vitroperm Grades available
VITROPERM 220, VITROPERM 250, VITROPERM 270
- Alloys with small magnetostriction (6 to 11 ppm – subject to alloy)
- Annealing with transverse magnetic field leads to flat hysteresis loop and low permeabilities (1,800 to 5,100 – subject to alloy)
VITROPERM 400
- Alloy with very small magnetostriction (3 to 5 ppm) and high saturation flux density (1.3 T)
- Annealing, typically without magnetic field, leads to round hysteresis loop and highest permeability µmax (< 800,000)
VITROPERM 500, VITROPERM 800
- Zero-magnetostrictive by proper annealing
- Extremely versatile (R-, Z- and F-loop achievable with proper annealing)
- Lowest losses due to availability of low thickness down to 14 µm and zero magnetostriction
- Widest range of adjustable permeabilities (typ. 20,000 to 200,000, with special processing 400 to 2,000)
Production Process of Nanocrystalline VITROPERM
VITROPERM is cast in a rapid solidification process to a fully amorphous and ductile ribbon.
In a subsequent annealing process with or without magnetic field it is transformed to the nanocrystalline state at temperatures typ. in the range of 480 to 580 °C.
The crystallites have a typical grain size of 10 nanometers and are embedded in the amorphous matrix.
Permeability µi vs. Saturation Flux Density Bs (F-Type Loop)
VITROPERM is equal or superior to ferrites, permalloys and amorphous materials based on cobalt.
| Alloy | Saturation Polarisation JS [T] |
Permeability µ |
DC Coercivity HC [A/m] |
Saturation Magnetostriction λS [ppm] |
Losses ρ [W/kg] |
Curie Temperature TC [°C] |
Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VITROPERM 220 | 1.24 | 1,800 - 2,400 | <5 | 10 - 11 | - | 600 | transverse field annealing / F annealed |
| VITROPERM 250 | 1.24 | 2,800 - 4,000 | <3 | 8 - 9 | - | 600 | transverse field annealing / F annealed |
| VITROPERM 270 | 1.21 | 4,700 - 5,100 | <3 | 6 - 7 | - | 600 | transverse field annealing / F annealed |
| VITROPERM 400 | 1.30 | µ (0.2 A/m) ˜80,000 |
<1 | 3 - 5 | ≤70 (@100 kHz, 0.2T) |
600 | annealing without field / R annealed |
| µ (0.4 A/m) >200,000 |
|||||||
| µmax ˜500,000 | |||||||
| VITROPERM 500/800 | 1.24 | 20,000 - 200,000 | <0.5 | ˜0 (IλSI < 0.5) | ≤80 (@100 kHz, 0.3 T, F) |
600 | transverse field annealing / F annealed |
| µmax ˜600,000 | <1 | 0.03 (@50 Hz, 1.0 T, R) |
annealing without field / R annealed | ||||
| 400 - 2,000 | stress annealed | ||||||
| 400 - 4,000 | breaking after lamination / R annealed |
| Alloy | Available Thickness t [µm] |
Mass Density amorphous ρ [g/cm3] |
Mass Density nanocrystalline ρ [g/cm3] |
Electrical Resistivity ρel [µΩm] |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion α [10-6/K] |
Young's Modulus E [GPa] |
Hardness |
Crystallization Temperature TC [°C] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VITROPERM 220 | 20 ±3 | 7.42 | 7.62 | 1.15 | 8 | 150 | 1000 | 460 |
| VITROPERM 250 | 20 ±3 | 7.35 | 7.55 | 1.15 | 8 | 150 | 1000 | 480 |
| VITROPERM 270 | 18 ±3 | 7.30 | 7.50 | 1.15 | 8 | 150 | 1000 | 480 |
| VITROPERM 400 | 18 ±3 | 7.20 | 7.39 | 1.15 | 8 | 150 | 1000 | 495 |
| VITROPERM 500/800 | 18 ±3 | 7.17 | 7.35 | 1.15 | 8 | 150 | 1000 | 510 |
| 17 ±2 | ||||||||
| 16 ±2 | ||||||||
| 14 ±2 |
| Alloy | Saturation Polarisation JS [T] |
Permeability µ |
DC Coercivity HC [A/m] |
Saturation Magnetostriction λS [ppm] |
Losses ρ [W/kg] |
Curie Temperature TC [°C] |
Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VITROPERM 220 | 1.24 | 1,800 - 2,400 | <5 | 10 - 11 | - | 600 | transverse field annealing / F annealed |
| VITROPERM 250 | 1.24 | 2,800 - 4,000 | <3 | 8 - 9 | - | 600 | transverse field annealing / F annealed |
| VITROPERM 270 | 1.21 | 4,700 - 5,100 | <3 | 6 - 7 | - | 600 | transverse field annealing / F annealed |
| VITROPERM 400 | 1.30 | µ (0.2 A/m) ˜80,000 |
<1 | 3 - 5 | ≤70 (@100 kHz, 0.2T) |
600 | annealing without field / R annealed |
| µ (0.4 A/m) >200,000 |
|||||||
| µmax ˜500,000 | |||||||
| VITROPERM 500/800 | 1.24 | 20,000 - 200,000 | <0.5 | ˜0 (IλSI < 0.5) | ≤80 (@100 kHz, 0.3 T, F) |
600 | transverse field annealing / F annealed |
| µmax ˜600,000 | <1 | 0.03 (@50 Hz, 1.0 T, R) |
annealing without field / R annealed | ||||
| 400 - 2,000 | stress annealed | ||||||
| 400 - 4,000 | breaking after lamination / R annealed |
| Alloy | Available Thickness t [µm] |
Mass Density amorphous ρ [g/cm3] |
Mass Density nanocrystalline ρ [g/cm3] |
Electrical Resistivity ρel [µΩm] |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion α [10-6/K] |
Young's Modulus E [GPa] |
Hardness |
Crystallization Temperature TC [°C] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VITROPERM 220 | 20 ±3 | 7.42 | 7.62 | 1.15 | 8 | 150 | 1000 | 460 |
| VITROPERM 250 | 20 ±3 | 7.35 | 7.55 | 1.15 | 8 | 150 | 1000 | 480 |
| VITROPERM 270 | 18 ±3 | 7.30 | 7.50 | 1.15 | 8 | 150 | 1000 | 480 |
| VITROPERM 400 | 18 ±3 | 7.20 | 7.39 | 1.15 | 8 | 150 | 1000 | 495 |
| VITROPERM 500/800 | 18 ±3 | 7.17 | 7.35 | 1.15 | 8 | 150 | 1000 | 510 |
| 17 ±2 | ||||||||
| 16 ±2 | ||||||||
| 14 ±2 |
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