Closed-Loop Current Sensors

Current Measuring with the Highest Accuracy

Closed-loop current sensors with VAC-invented magnetic probe as zero field detector for highest accuracy. VAC current sensors cover rated currents between 1.5 A and 1,700 A. 

Benefits:

  • Low rise time
  • Highest accuracy of 0.4 to 0.7 %
  • Frequency range DC to 200 kHz
  • No temperature drift over full temperature scale
  • UL listing
  • Better performance than sensors with Hall-element
  • Frequency converters for drives
  • Photovoltaic inverters
  • Wind power converters
  • Charging stations for e-mobility
  • Welding inverters
  • Switched mode power supplies
  • Robotics

General Characteristics

Supply voltage and output variable Unipolar +5 V:
voltage output
Bipolar ± 12 V, ± 15 V or ± 24 V:
current output
Max. ambient temperature +85 °C*
Frequency range DC to 200 kHz*
Max. error (@IPN,rms @ RT) ≤ 0.7 %

 

 

 

 

 

Values marked with an * are valid unless stated otherwise in the datasheet.

Standards and Regulations

Our sensors are designed according to IEC 61800-5-1 “Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems”. However, the sensors also meet many claims of other standards, such as EN 50178 “Electronic equipment for use in power installations” or EN 62109 “Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems”. Furthermore, our standard types are certified by Underwriters Laboratories according to UL508, “Industrial Control Equipment”. The category is NMTR2 (Component – Power Circuit and Motor – mounted Apparatus). VAC sensors can be found in the Files E317483 and E169721.

Validation and Type Testing

All newly created series are subjected to extensive type testing and validation. The criteria of the type tests are described in our data sheets under the headings “Electrical data: (investigated by type testing)” and “Routine tests”. The validation includes placement in damp climate, alternating temperatures in damp climate, rapid temperature changes, repeated on/off cycles, sinusoidal vibration, continuous shock, solderability and resistance to solder heat tests.

Functional Principle of the VAC Closed Loop Current Sensors

The current IP to be measured generates a flux in the soft magnetic core. The sensor electronics generates a flux in the opposite direction via the compensation current IS and controls the sum of the fluxes to zero. This is done by means of a magnetic field probe, which is located in the air gap of the core. At frequencies above a few kHz, the magnetic system consisting of the primary winding, the magnetic core and the secondary winding functions independently of the electronics as a current transformer.

The compensating current corresponds in amount and shape to the primary current divided by the number of turns of the secondary winding. A voltage can be derived from the measuring resistor. The main advantages of the closed loop current sensors are their high measuring accuracy, as well as their low rise time and wide bandwidth. VAC closed loop sensors with magnetic probe achieve an even higher accuracy over the entire application temperature range than their counterparts with Hall element.

Current Shapes

The operating currents to be measured in the power electronics are, as a rule, direct currents or alternating currents up to a maximum of a few 100 Hz with a high amplitude. They are superimposed by the switching currents of the power semiconductors, which reach into the single to double-digit kHz range and have harmonics up to the three-digit range. Their amplitude is significantly lower. Our current sensors are designed for this type of current. If the amplitude of high frequency components is permanently much greater, an excessive heating of the sensor core may occur. So, apart from the level of the current to be measured, its shape also has an influence on the losses and thus the heating of the sensor.

Positioning of the Primary Conductor in Current Sensors with a Primary Opening

In compensation sensors, a magnetic flux generated by the primary current is detected in the sensor core and compensated for by an equally large flux of reversed polarity. Although our sensors are magnetically very robust in design, the optimal function of this measuring principle is not completely independent of the position of the conductor in the magnetic circuit, or of the position of external current-carrying conductors relative to the magnetic circuit and the zero-field probe sensor. Also of importance are the amplitude and frequency of the current. The resultant influence can affect the dynamic characteristics of the sensor, the measuring accuracy at high levels and possibly heating. The best results are achieved if the conductor is put centrally through the sensor opening and the immediate area around the current sensor is kept free of conductors carrying high currents. More information is available on request.

Conducted and Radiated Emissions

Under very unfavorable conditions, there may be an influence on the sensor by irradiation from interference signals. Low or medium-frequency interference is due to magnetic fields, for example from power chokes or transformers. High-frequency interference, usually in the range of several hundred MHz, can be injected directly into the sensor or via the connecting leads. Whether a possible high-frequency effect on the current sensor has practical consequences for the application depends on the design of, for example, the shielding of the housing. The VAC current sensors from the various series are successively tested for electromagnetic compatibility according to IEC 61000-4-3: 2010. Please contact us to inquire on the current status of the tests.

The “Offset Ripple”

Due to the principle of VAC sensors, the remnant of the internal probe signal is not completely suppressed. The frequency of this signal is 400 kHz or more. It is zero symmetrical and does not affect the measurement accuracy when integrated over at least one period. In addition, it can be further reduced with a simple low pass filter (capacitor parallel to the measuring resistor). The so-called “offset ripple” iOSS shown in our data sheets is actually not an offset.

Reference Voltage VREF in/out

Optionally the reference pin VREF can be used as input or output. Thereby the internally generated reference REFOUT can be routed as output or an external reference REFIN can be connected as input to the sensor. It is recommended to evaluate the output voltage VOUT differentially against the precise reference connected at the REFOUT output and not against GND. Doing so, lowest offset values of the current sensor can be achieved.

  • Frequency converters for drives
  • Photovoltaic inverters
  • Wind power converters
  • Charging stations for e-mobility
  • Welding inverters
  • Switched mode power supplies
  • Robotics

General Characteristics

Supply voltage and output variable Unipolar +5 V:
voltage output
Bipolar ± 12 V, ± 15 V or ± 24 V:
current output
Max. ambient temperature +85 °C*
Frequency range DC to 200 kHz*
Max. error (@IPN,rms @ RT) ≤ 0.7 %

 

 

 

 

 

Values marked with an * are valid unless stated otherwise in the datasheet.

Standards and Regulations

Our sensors are designed according to IEC 61800-5-1 “Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems”. However, the sensors also meet many claims of other standards, such as EN 50178 “Electronic equipment for use in power installations” or EN 62109 “Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems”. Furthermore, our standard types are certified by Underwriters Laboratories according to UL508, “Industrial Control Equipment”. The category is NMTR2 (Component – Power Circuit and Motor – mounted Apparatus). VAC sensors can be found in the Files E317483 and E169721.

Validation and Type Testing

All newly created series are subjected to extensive type testing and validation. The criteria of the type tests are described in our data sheets under the headings “Electrical data: (investigated by type testing)” and “Routine tests”. The validation includes placement in damp climate, alternating temperatures in damp climate, rapid temperature changes, repeated on/off cycles, sinusoidal vibration, continuous shock, solderability and resistance to solder heat tests.

Functional Principle of the VAC Closed Loop Current Sensors

The current IP to be measured generates a flux in the soft magnetic core. The sensor electronics generates a flux in the opposite direction via the compensation current IS and controls the sum of the fluxes to zero. This is done by means of a magnetic field probe, which is located in the air gap of the core. At frequencies above a few kHz, the magnetic system consisting of the primary winding, the magnetic core and the secondary winding functions independently of the electronics as a current transformer.

The compensating current corresponds in amount and shape to the primary current divided by the number of turns of the secondary winding. A voltage can be derived from the measuring resistor. The main advantages of the closed loop current sensors are their high measuring accuracy, as well as their low rise time and wide bandwidth. VAC closed loop sensors with magnetic probe achieve an even higher accuracy over the entire application temperature range than their counterparts with Hall element.

Current Shapes

The operating currents to be measured in the power electronics are, as a rule, direct currents or alternating currents up to a maximum of a few 100 Hz with a high amplitude. They are superimposed by the switching currents of the power semiconductors, which reach into the single to double-digit kHz range and have harmonics up to the three-digit range. Their amplitude is significantly lower. Our current sensors are designed for this type of current. If the amplitude of high frequency components is permanently much greater, an excessive heating of the sensor core may occur. So, apart from the level of the current to be measured, its shape also has an influence on the losses and thus the heating of the sensor.

Positioning of the Primary Conductor in Current Sensors with a Primary Opening

In compensation sensors, a magnetic flux generated by the primary current is detected in the sensor core and compensated for by an equally large flux of reversed polarity. Although our sensors are magnetically very robust in design, the optimal function of this measuring principle is not completely independent of the position of the conductor in the magnetic circuit, or of the position of external current-carrying conductors relative to the magnetic circuit and the zero-field probe sensor. Also of importance are the amplitude and frequency of the current. The resultant influence can affect the dynamic characteristics of the sensor, the measuring accuracy at high levels and possibly heating. The best results are achieved if the conductor is put centrally through the sensor opening and the immediate area around the current sensor is kept free of conductors carrying high currents. More information is available on request.

Conducted and Radiated Emissions

Under very unfavorable conditions, there may be an influence on the sensor by irradiation from interference signals. Low or medium-frequency interference is due to magnetic fields, for example from power chokes or transformers. High-frequency interference, usually in the range of several hundred MHz, can be injected directly into the sensor or via the connecting leads. Whether a possible high-frequency effect on the current sensor has practical consequences for the application depends on the design of, for example, the shielding of the housing. The VAC current sensors from the various series are successively tested for electromagnetic compatibility according to IEC 61000-4-3: 2010. Please contact us to inquire on the current status of the tests.

The “Offset Ripple”

Due to the principle of VAC sensors, the remnant of the internal probe signal is not completely suppressed. The frequency of this signal is 400 kHz or more. It is zero symmetrical and does not affect the measurement accuracy when integrated over at least one period. In addition, it can be further reduced with a simple low pass filter (capacitor parallel to the measuring resistor). The so-called “offset ripple” iOSS shown in our data sheets is actually not an offset.

Reference Voltage VREF in/out

Optionally the reference pin VREF can be used as input or output. Thereby the internally generated reference REFOUT can be routed as output or an external reference REFIN can be connected as input to the sensor. It is recommended to evaluate the output voltage VOUT differentially against the precise reference connected at the REFOUT output and not against GND. Doing so, lowest offset values of the current sensor can be achieved.

Product Table - Standard Closed-Loop Current Sensors

Product Download IPN,rms [A] max. Measuring Range [A] Turns Ratio Ambient Temperature [°C] Supply Voltage [V] Mounting Type Primary Conductor Design Output Variable VREF
Pin?
f [kHz] X
[%]
4646-X653
6
3
2
+/- 20
+/- 10
+/- 7
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesUN/A2000.7
4646-X652
15
75
5
+/- 51
+/- 25
+/- 17
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesUN/A2000.7
4646-X651
25
12
8
+/- 85
+/- 42
+/- 28
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesUN/A2000.7
4646-X654
50
12
8
+/- 150
+/- 75
+/- 50
1 : 1400
2 : 1400
3 : 1400
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesUN/A2000.7
4646-X662
15
7.5
5
+/- 51
+/- 25
+/- 17
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4640-X100
1000
+/- 1340 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 5000
+85
+/-15
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.4
4646-X100
100
100
+/- 235
+/- 180
1: 1000
1: 1000
+85
+85
+/- 12
+/- 15
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A2000.5
4646-X763
6
3
1.5
+/- 20
+/- 10
+/- 5
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4646-X761
25
12
6
+/- 85
+/- 42
+/- 21
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4646-X460
50
25
17
+/- 150
+/- 75
+/- 50
1 : 1400
2 : 1400
3 : 1400
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU11000.7
4646-X400
25
10
8
+/- 130
+/- 65
+/- 43
1 : 1000
2 : 1000
3 : 1000
+85
+85
+85
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
pcb mountingintegrated primariesIN/A2000.5
4646-X410
50
20
15
+/- 128
+/- 64
+/- 43
1 : 1000
2 : 1000
3 : 1000
+85
+85
+85
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
pcb mountingintegrated primariesIN/A2000.5
4646-X412
100
35
25
+/- 175
+/- 82
+/- 58
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
pcb mountingintegrated primariesIN/A2000.5
4646-X413
100
35
25
+/- 208
+/- 104
+/- 69
1 : 1500
2 : 1500
3 : 1500
+85
+85
+85
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
pcb mountingintegrated primariesIN/A2000.5
4646-X300
25
12
8
6
5
+/- 85
+/- 43
+/- 28
+/- 21
+/- 17
1 : 1000
2 : 1000
3 : 1000
4 : 1000
5 : 1000
+85
+85
+85
+85
+85
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
+/- 12..15
pcb mountingintegrated primariesIN/A2000.5
4647-X663
6
3
2
+/- 20
+/- 10
+/- 7
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4647-X662
15
7.5
5
+/- 51
+/- 25
+/- 17
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4647-X661
25
12
8
+/- 85
+/- 42
+/- 28
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4647-X664
50
12
8
+/- 150
+/- 75
+/- 50
1 : 1400
2 : 1400
3 : 1400
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4647-X763
6
3
1.5
+/- 20
+/- 10
+/- 5
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4647-X762
15
7.5
3.75
+/- 51
+/- 25,5
+/- 12,5
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4647-X761
25
12
6
+/- 85
+/- 42
+/- 21
1 : 2000
2 : 2000
3 : 2000
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4647-X764
50
12
6
+/- 150
+/- 75
+/- 37,5
1 : 1400
2 : 1400
3 : 1400
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4647-X460
50
25
17
+/- 150
+/- 75
+/- 50
1 : 1400
2 : 1400
3 : 1400
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU11000.7
4647-X461
100
50
33
+/- 200
+/- 100
+/- 66
1 : 1100
2 : 1100
3 : 1100
+85
+85
+85
+5
+5
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU11000.7
4648-X400
25
10
8
+/- 130
+/- 65
+/- 43
1 : 1000
2 : 1000
3 : 1000
+85
+85
+85
+/-12..15
+/-12..15
+/-12..15
pcb mountingintegrated primariesIN/A2000.5
4648-X300
25
12
8
6
5
+/- 85
+/- 43
+/- 28
+/- 21
+/- 17
1 : 1000
2 : 1000
3 : 1000
4 : 1000
5 : 1000
+85
+85
+85
+85
+85
+/-12..15
+/-12..15
+/-12..15
+/-12..15
+/-12..15
pcb mountingintegrated primariesIN/A2000.5
4646-X111
100
100
+/- 188
+/- 236
1 : 2000
1 : 2000
+85
+85
+/- 12
+/- 15
pcb mountingintegrated primariesIN/A2000.5
4646-X101
100
100
+/- 188
+/- 236
1 : 2000
1 : 2000
+85
+85
+/- 12
+/- 15
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A2000.5
4646-X112
100
100
+/- 235
+/- 180
1 : 1000
1 : 1000
+85
+85
+/- 12
+/- 15
pcb mountingintegrated primariesIN/A2000.5
4646-X161
50
+/- 172
1 : 1000
+85
+5
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingU11001
4646-X200
125
125
+/- 201
+/- 214
1 : 1000
1 : 1000
+85
+85
+/- 12
+/- 15
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.5
4646-X201
200
200
+/- 305
+/- 390
1 : 2000
1 : 2000
+85
+85
+/- 12
+/- 15
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.5
4647-X260
150
+/- 270
1 : 1100
+85
+5
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingUN/A1000.7
4647-X261
100
+/- 270
1 : 1100
+85
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesUN/A1000.7
4647-X160
100
+/- 230
1 : 1000
+85
+5
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingU11001
4647-X161
50
+/- 172
1 : 1000
+85
+5
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingU11001
4648-X052
500
+/- 700 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 2000
+85
+/-15
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A500.4
4648-X053
500
+/- 700 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 2000
+85
+/-15
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A500.4
4648-X054
700
400
+/- 1250 @ 10 Ohm
+/- 1250 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 3000
1 : 3000
+70
+85
+/-15
+/-15
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A500.4
4644-X056
500
+/- 1000 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 3000
+75
+/-24
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A500.4
4640-X101
1000
+/- 1340 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 5000
+85
+/-15
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.4
4640-X102
1000
+/- 1340 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 5000
+85
+/-15
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.4
4640-X150
1000
+/- 2150 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 5000
+85
+/-24
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.4
4640-X151
1000
+/- 2150 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 5000
+85
+/-24
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.4
4640-X152
1000
+/- 2150 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 5000
+85
+/-24
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.4
4640-X154
1000
+/- 2150 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 5000
+85
+/-24
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.4
4640-X156
1000
+/- 2150 @ 10 Ohm
1 : 5000
+85
+/-24
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.4
4640-X256
1700
+/-  2750 @ 30 Ohm
1 : 5000
+85
+/-24
panel mountingprimary conductor openingIN/A1000.4
4645-X010
40
55
1 : 1000
+85
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesI11000.5
4645-X030
100
130
1 : 1000
+85
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesI11000.5
4645-X060
100
160
1 : 1000
+85
+5
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingI11000.5
4645-X080
200
300
1 : 2000
+85
+5
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingI11000.5
4645-X211
50
120
1 : 1000
+85
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesI12000.5
4647-X262
150
+/- 270
1 : 1100
+85
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU11000.7
4647-P765
75
+/- 182
1 : 1100
+85
+5
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU12000.7
4647-X263
150
+/- 450
1 : 1550
+85
+12
pcb mountingintegrated primariesU11000.7
4647-X264
150
+/- 450
1 : 1550
+85
+12
pcb mountingprimary conductor openingU11000.7

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